tirlewdnah

NTFS (New Technology File System) stores virtually all kinds of files and folders on the hard drive with the help of special system files, called metadata files. One important metadata file is $Bitmap, which is also known as 'Cluster Allocation Bitmap'. This metadata structure is located at 6th record of MFT and contains a map depicting used and unused cluster information.

™

In other words, $Bitmap represents information of volume clusters, which have been used and which are available for use. Practically, there can be instances that might corrupt this $Bitmap and necessitate you to perform some Hard Drive Recovery operations and fix the problem.

MFT Bitmap corruption is a common problem and can occur for several reasons. You can detect these problems by running chkdsk command Apparently, it can also be detected when you try to copy some files to a drive, which is infected with $Bitmap corruption. On trying to copy the files, this might prompt you with errors like:

"The file system structure on the disk is corrupt and unusable. Please run the chkdsk utility on the volume partition_name."

In other cases, you may find hard drive partition reporting incorrect information about available and used clusters.

How to Solve?

Not all, but most of such issues can be resolved by running chkdsk /f command on the hard drive partition in question. In its report, it will show that $Bitmap file needs to be adjusted, followed by error correcting statement and finally that Windows has corrected the file system problems.

Reportedly, there have been many situations, in which chkdsk has been unable to solve the $Bitmap corruption. Sometimes, it might report that file system repair has been successfully done, but when you repeat the same behavior, corruption exists. So, the best solution to get rid of $Bitmap corruption problems is to reformat the hard drive partition to NTFS file system and restore lost data from last available backup or by using a Hard Drive Data Recovery software.

Hard Drive Recovery software are efficient tools that can scan a corrupted or formatted drive and extract best possible data safely.

Stellar Phoenix Windows Data Recovery is one of the safest Hard Drive Data Recovery applications. The software provides few-clicks data recovery plus a list of advanced features, such as disk imaging, disk cloning, and others. It is compatible with Windows 7, Vista, XP, 2003, and 2000.

In early 19 century, there was no protocol for processing the financial transactions, to process any financial transaction it takes a lot of time or even days. The traditional approach of TCP was very complex. The network interface card receives a data packet, the NIC interrupts the host CPU and the CPU extracts the data payload from the rest of the packet then moves data from the network buffer to the server's memory so that an application can receive it. When data needs to be sent, the CPU is interrupted so that it can copy data from application memory to network buffer where it is divided into packets for eventual transmission across the network. Hence IP developers discover the TCP offload technology which is an extremely powerful technology that helps in transferring million of transaction in less than a second. This unique technology allows software to connect, communicate and decide in less than a second. This technology is especially designed for banks, data centers, cloud infrastructure, defense aerospace platform and network equipment.

TCP Offload, Full Kernel Bypass

Kernel Bypass is also known as OS bypass. This technique is uses mainly for optimizing network performance. The kernel decodes the network packet and passes the data from Kernel space to user space by copying to it. This technology involves network interface Card (NIC) Teaming, TCP Chimney offload, Data center TCP, Receive side scaling (RSS). Theoretically this technique helps in processing the data faster and fit more data into a given packet size. In kernel bypass the user space applications communicate with input/ output library and allows handling the communication directly.

UDP Offload

UDP stands for user datagram protocol or universal datagram protocol. However it is a connection less protocol but it is used in transferring messages. UDP offload is data recovery right for applications that need fast and efficient transmission and it is also effective for a server that answers small queries from huge amount clients. It is faster because there is no error checking of packets. It is light in weight as there is no ordering of messages and no tracking connections. It does not have recovery options but it follows error checking mechanisms. The only thing is UDP offload is that it does not process the data in order; all packets are independent on each other.

NIC with Full TCP Offload

The key advantages of TCP offload engine with NIC are:

It is not wrong to accept this fact that TCP technology has given a life to network servers. Network servers were suppose to face lot of stress as so many applications are running on servers and each application carries a much bigger and heavier file. The engineers who discover these innovative technologies are well experienced and have advance degree of PhD in engineering and computer sciences. So just like TCP there are other technologies that make the work simpler for us are on it way.https://mrlappy.com/